Similar to Repetition, Redundancy is the act of going back over the same topic in order to establish a base from which to learn new literacy and life skills. Think of a class where the teacher goes over what they did last time before going on to the new teaching elements.

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Autism and it's spectrum is a developmental disorder that affects language, communication, social skills, and behaviors. Depending on the level of spectrum on the autism scale, librarians and literacy may need to be taught individually or in circumstances where the autistic learner is comfortable as well as open to literacy learning. These are achieved through the 3 Rs:
- Repetition
- Routine
- Redundancy

Autism and Literacy

Akin, L., & MacKinney, D. (2004). Autism, literacy, and libraries: The 3 Rs= routine, repetition, and redundancy. Children and Libraries, 2(2), 35-43.

Autism, Literacy, and Libraries: The 3 Rs= routine, repetition, and redundancy

The act of repetition is to remind people of what the objective is in order to further imbed it into their mind. It also helps as a way for those with developmental disabilities to remind themselves of their goals. 

Repetition

Routine is the act of having a person with a developmental disability create a set schedule for themselves. This helps to reduce anxiety and be in a more comfortable state of mind.

Routine

Redundancy

Observable behaviors from those with autism includes passive, aloof, and active/odd interactions. What this means is that they can seemingly act uninterested, unfocused, or in some cases misunderstand cues as well meanings. It is also important to know that what is observable is different with each person with autism. This is why patience and understanding is required for aiding people with autism for literacy as well as life learning.

Social Skills(Autism)

Uneven skill development in terms of people with autism means focus in some knowledge areas while having difficulty with others. This can be do to either comfort or discomfort with a subject. In areas where people with autism focus in they usually excel at those subjects so if they difficulty with a different subject it is not for a lack of trying.

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