University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Pepperdine University

Persistent and significant gaps in academic performance and/or educational attainment between non-disabled and disabled students.

Disability Achievement Gap

- Study found that, compared with the scores of students in general education and advanced placements, students with learning disabilities demonstrated a significant achievement gap on standardized tests. 
- Despite the learning curve for the disabilities group closing the gap slightly over several years, the amount it closed was small relative to the initial achievement gap, indicating that the students with learning disabilities were not able to catch up with their general education counterparts. 
- Researchers hypothesized that observed rapid growth in the learning disabilities group could be attributed to instruction focused more specifically on word recognition, which could indicate that early intervention aimed at language comprehension and vocabulary could help sustain the rapid initial growth in students with reading-based learning difficulties. 

Achievement Gaps for Students With Disabilities: Stable, Widening, or Narrowing on a State-Wide Reading Comprehension Test?

Quality of Life refers to an individual’s overall satisfaction with life circumstances, and includes life satisfaction, self-esteem, health, and functioning. 
This study found that the quality of life for students with learning disabilities suffered particularly with regards to the following five factors in comparison to their non-disabled counterparts:
- Stress and anxiety
- Self-esteem
- Time available for other activities
- Personal relationships
- Financial pressures

Quality of Life of Higher Education Students with Learning Disability Studying Online

This study aimed to investigate the extent to which students with disabilities differed in math growth trajectories when compared to students in disability categories other than learning disabilities, gender, race-ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The data indicated that there are significant achievement gaps in students with disabilities even when compared to other disabled students, indicating that the steps for assisting disabled students with math growth can not be considered universal. 

Math Growth Trajectories of Students With Disabilities: Disability Category, Gender, Racial, and Socioeconomic Status Differences From Ages 7 to 17

Hypotheses:
- The size of the achievement gap depends on the specific type of disability 
- The achievement gap will be larger in secondary school 
- The achievement gap will be smaller after the no child left behind act 
- The achievement gap will be smaller in high stakes assessments 

Meta Analysis of the Reading Achievement Gap Between Students with and without disabilities

references for disability achievement gap

A rising number of autistic young adults report interest in a postsecondary education, yet graduate at lower rates than neurotypical college students. After comparing academic, social, and health performance of autistic students to non-autistic disabled students and non-disabled students, researchers found that a mix of autism's characteristics and social exclusion of autistic people had a negative effect on the success of autistic undergraduates.

The Experiences of College Students on the Autism Spectrum: A Comparison to Their Neurotypical Peers

- Introduction
- Methods
- Results - impact of impairment
- Results - personal and situational circumstance
- Results - learning environment
- Discussion

Barriers to learning online experienced by students with a mental health disability: Summary

This study investigates whether there are differences in a teacher's ratings of academic intrinsic motivation (IM) in students with different types of disabilities. The researchers also investigated whether controlling factors such as parental expectations, teacher competence, and student classroom collaboration provided an explanation for why these ratings were given.

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