-rejection (the real or perceived withdrawal of love, approval, or respect)

-teasing

-criticism, even if constructive

-persistent self-criticism, or negative self-talk prompted by real or perceived failure

Triggers for RSD

-sudden emotional outbursts after perceived criticism/rejection

-social withdrawal/self-isolation

-negative self-talk

-thoughts of self harm

-avoidance of social situations where they could fail or be criticized

-low self-esteem

-rumination and perseveration 

-relationship issues, especially feeling constantly attacked and responding defensively 

Outward Behavioral Signs of RSD

"Dysphoria" means "unbearable" in Greek; the emotional pain experienced during an episode of RSD is often described as "unbearable", "terrible", "catastrophic", or "devastating". The feeling is also often compared to being punched or stabbed in the chest and the specific emotional quality is hard to verbalize according to those who experience RSD.

Emotional Impact of RSD

Qualities of Mood Disorders:

-mood shifts have no clear trigger

-mood is independent of current life events

-mood shift is gradual, happens over course of a couple of weeks

-duration of episode must be 2+ weeks

Qualities of RSD:

-mood shifts have trigger

-mood is reflective of current life events

-mood shift is immediate

-duration of episode is a few hours at most before returning to baseline


RSD vs Mood Disorders

-RSD/ED not constantly present, only appears in triggered episodes

-there's no way to measure it at this point in time, so its presence cannot be published in research

-many people hide their RSD/ED due to shame and stigma, and do not want to be labeled as mentally unstable or over-reactive so it often goes unnoticed or unaddressed 

*note that research into RSD is very new, about 5 years old; though RSD is not diagnostic material there have been an overwhelming amount of subjects in ADHD studies and others with ADHD who identify strongly with this experience and so research is ongoing*

Why RSD Is Not Recognized as Diagnostic Material

References for RSD and Romantic Relations

A common and disruptive type of emotional dysregulation (ED) that is thought to be innate to ADHD and not caused by trauma. It is also sometimes called hysteroid dysphoria in Europe and is characterized by intense but brief mood shifts triggered by real or perceived rejection or criticism. 

Ithaca College

The type of emotional dysregulation seen in ADHD is characterized as deficient self-regulation of emotional symptoms such as frustration and anger, having a low frustration tolerance, temper outbursts, emotional impulsivity, and mood lability. These symptoms tend to reflect short-lived exaggerated changes, usually in response to daily events, and rapidly return to baseline levels within a few hours. 

Emotional Dysregulation in ADHD

Dysphoria is an abnormally augmented sad mood.

Dysphoria

Dodson, W. (2022, July 11). New insights into rejection sensitive dysphoria. ADDitude. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.additudemag.com/rejection-sensitive-dysphoria-adhd-emotional-dysregulation/ 

New insights into rejection sensitivity dysphoria

Rejection Sensitivity Dysphoria (RSD)

Gender Dysphoria is characterized by the subjectively experienced distress that arises from the mismatch between gender identity, or internally felt sense of gender, and assigned sex at birth.

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