- The results of experiment 1 and 3 showing no decay in the inoculation effect over time suggest that boosting of inoculation interventions can provide long-term stability for inoculation interventions and overall provide a long-term solution to defending against misinformation.
- How can future media literacy training help people recognize real news as well as fake news?


Key Takeaways of the Longitudinal Experiments on Long-Term Effectiveness of Inoculation Against Misinformation

Even with the change in news items and fake-to-real ratio the inoculation effect was still significantly present on the initial test date and follow-up test dates (same intervals as experiment 1). 

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Experiment 3 varied slightly from experiment 1 by using the same design but no longer including a control group and also changing the item set and fake-to-real ratio for follow-up measures. This alteration in design aimed to rule out any confounding variables of experiment 1.

Design of Experiment 3 Testing Longitudinal Effects of Inoculation Interventions

Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., Basol, M., &amp; van der Linden, S. (2021). Long-term effectiveness of inoculation Against misinformation: Three Longitudinal experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 27(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000315 

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