Involved high quality care and results provided substantial immediate increases in IQ and benefits in language skills and behavior

Arizona State University

- Project CARE 
- Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 
- Even Start 
- Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP)

Programs Producing Short Term Gains 


  W. Steven Barnett. (1995). Long-Term Effects of Early Childhood Programs on Cognitive and School Outcomes. The Future of Children, 5(3), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/1602366


The Long Term Effects of Early Childhood Programs on Cognitive and School Outcomes 

Results of Project CARE and IHDP 

Included weaker early childhood services for children but offered parenting education and job skills training for parents. This had smaller effects on child development but other effects such as parent's academic expectations and enhanced utilization of community services. 

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