The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a widely utilized $$10$$-item self-report questionnaire designed to operationally define and empirically measure an individual's self-esteem. Respondents rate each statement on a $$4$$-point scale, ranging from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. To maintain a consistent scoring direction, the assessment applies direct scoring (assigning $$3$$ points for Strongly Agree down to $$0$$ points for Strongly Disagree) to positively worded items ($$1$$, $$2$$, $$4$$, $$6$$, and $$7$$) and reverse coding (assigning $$0$$ points for Strongly Agree up to $$3$$ points for Strongly Disagree) to negatively worded items ($$3$$, $$5$$, $$8$$, $$9$$, and $$10$$). The final self-esteem metric is calculated as the total sum of all accrued points. The $$10$$ items are: $$1$$. I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others. $$2$$. I feel that I have a number of good qualities. $$3$$. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure. $$4$$. I am able to do things as well as most other people. $$5$$. I feel I do not have much to be proud of. $$6$$. I take a positive attitude toward myself. $$7$$. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself. $$8$$. I wish I could have more respect for myself. $$9$$. I certainly feel useless at times. $$10$$. At times I think I am no good at all.

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

When scoring a rating scale that contains both positively and negatively worded items, the process of flipping the numerical values assigned to the oppositely phrased items so that all items share a consistent scoring direction is called ____.

Reverse coding is an analytical procedure used when scoring rating scales, such as Likert scales, that contain negatively worded or oppositely phrased statements. It involves reversing the numerical values assigned to these responses so that the overall scoring direction remains consistent across all items before they are summed.

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A Likert scale is a rating system, developed by Rensis Likert, commonly used in self-report inventories to measure attitudes or opinions. It typically presents a statement and asks respondents to specify their level of agreement on a multipoint scale, such as a five-point range from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'.

Likert Scale

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KPU Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition

An example of a Likert-type scale used in a personality survey presents several statements for self-assessment. These statements might include 'I am easygoing,' 'I have high standards,' 'I enjoy time alone,' 'I work well with others,' 'I dislike confrontation,' and 'I prefer crowds over intimacy.' For each statement, the respondent selects from a range of options, such as 'strongly disagree,' 'somewhat disagree,' 'no opinion,' 'somewhat agree,' and 'strongly agree,' to indicate their level of agreement.

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