Elongation occurs when the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase dissociates from RNA polymerase. This activates the polymerization activity of the core enzyme RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA. 

Elongation of Transcription in Prokaryotes

Initiation of bacterial transcription involves the interaction of the transcription machinery proteins to begin transcription. This occurs at the promoter sequence which is recognized by RNA Polymerase. RNA Polymerase which requires the sigma subunit to bind to the promoter.

Initiation of Transcription in Prokaryotes

To dissociate the core RNA polymerase enzyme from the DNA template and release the RNA, transcription is terminated from termination signals in the DNA. RNA polymerase stalls and then releases from the DNA template and frees the RNA transcript.

Termination of Transcription in Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic transcription shares many similarities with eukaryotic transcription. However, prokaryotic transcription does not process RNA transcripts before transcription. They also use a single type of RNA polymerase for transcription unlike eukaryotes. Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, unlike in eukaryotes. 

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The steps of RNA transcription are shared between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The steps of RNA Transcription are:

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

The Steps of RNA Transcription

While RNA Transcription is different in key ways between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the end products are nucleic acids. These are: 
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA

End Products of RNA Transcription

  While RNA Transcription shares many of the same enzymes and components with other organisms, here we designate that differences in RNA transcription in the domains of life. 

- Prokaryotic RNA Transcription
- Eukaryotic RNA Transcription

Classifications of RNA Transcription by the Domains of Life

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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RNA Transcription in Prokaryotes

Initiation of transcription involves the transcription machinery binding to DNA to initiate transcription.

Initiation of RNA Transcription

The elongation step of RNA transcription involves synthesis of the complementary RNA strand by RNA Polymerase.

Elongation of RNA Transcription

Termination occurs when RNA Polymerase dissociates from the DNA template and the RNA is now mobile. 

Termination of RNA Transcription

Ribosomal RNAs or rRNAs make up about 50% of the ribosome. They are structural or enzymatic and are important in forming the ribosome to be used for translation. They are also a product of transcription.

rRNA

Transfer RNAs or tRNAs translate the mRNA code to the corresponding amino acids by binding to the specific codons. There are many types depending on the species. They are also a product of RNA transcription.

tRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is one product of transcription. It has the genetic information needed to synthesize proteins during translation.

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