Syllables can fall on a continuum of prosodic prominence -- accented, stressed, full vowel, and reduced vowel (even lesser stress on an unstressed vowel). 

Continuum of Prosodic Prominence

Saliency is the prominence of a certain syllable through changes in volume, duration, or frequency. Prominent words and syllables bear pitch accents, and accented syllables hold lexical stress.

University of California, Santa Cruz

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Prosody is the study of rhythm and intonation in language through F0 (fundamental frequency), energy, and duration of utterances. 

Prosody

An on-going but a helpful book resource about NLP
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/

Speech and Language Processing (3rd ed. draft) 

Saliency

Sentences have prosodic phrasing, where some parts of an utterance seem to group naturally together in intonation phrases, which are in turn made of intermediate phrases.

Prosodic Phrasing

Tune is the rise and fall of F0 in a sentence.


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