The study used NP swabs for testing in children aged 2–12 years (mean age 5.6, SD 2.7 years) with acute sinusitis, diagnosed according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Eligible subjects had either 1) 11–29 days of non-improving daytime cough and/or rhinorrhea, or (2) 6-10 days of worsening nasal symptoms, or fever after improvement period. Excluded from the sample were children 1) with severe AS 2) who received antibiotic treatment within 15 days of the study 3) with possible other infection, with immune deficiency, cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesis, or major developmental delay, and with asthma or allergic rhinitis. 174 children enrolled in the study, but due to cost restrictions, RNA-sequencing was performed on only 25 children.