Variable Interval - Based on the time there is a reward, but it is not always a consistant amount of time.

Fixed Interval - Based on the time there is a reward, and the reward occurs after the same length of time.

Variable Ratio - Based on the behavior performed there is a reward, but the reward is not always consistant after a number of behaviors.

Fixed Ratio - Based on the behavior performed there is a reward, and the reward occurs after the same number of behaviors.

Grinnell College

San Jose State University

- Continuous Reinforcement
- Fixed Interval
- Fixed Ratio
- Variable Interval
- Variable Ratio

Schedules of Reinforcement

Intermittent reinforcement is the inconsistent response to behaviors (sometimes following a behavior with a reward and sometimes not rewarding). Skinner believed that this type of reinforcement would make it unlikely for behaviors to go extinct.

Intermittent Reinforcement

In a variable ratio reinforcement schedule, a reward is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses. This schedule is highly effective at maintaining behavior due to the uncertainty of reinforcement, which encourages a high, steady rate of response. It is considered the most powerful type of partial reinforcement, making behaviors extremely persistent and resistant to extinction, even during long periods without reward. This persistence is because the occasional reinforcement makes it very difficult to stop the behavior, as seen in examples like gambling or a child's tantrums when a parent occasionally gives in.

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