Language used in academic, scientific literature is not entirely standardized but has several characteristics and conventions that are commonly used. It is distinct from narrative or informal writing.


Academic Language in Science

Model for visualizing and understanding how readers ingest and comprehend a text. In the model, reading is envisioned as a cyclical process by which a reader engages with ideas in the text. Each cycle represents a new sentence or proposition. During a cycle concepts fluctuate into activation when they obtain the attention of the reader. Concepts that are activated throughout the cycles that occur while reading result in an episodic memory representation of the text or situation model. 


Landscape Model

According to Dökme et al (2022), the motivations for college-aged (third and fourth years) Turkish females to pursue a STEM education in a science education college were fourfold: having received STEM training (e.g. through college courses), father-education level (fathers having graduated from high school), participation in STEM activities, and having a role model working in a STEM career. 

Motivations for Pursuing a STEM Education 

Dokme, I., Aciksoz, A., Koyunlu Unlu, Z. (2022). Investigation of STEM fields motivation among female students in science education colleges. International Journal of STEM Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00326-2

Investigation of STEM fields motivation among female students in science education colleges

STEM education provides a learning experience that integrates Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM).

STEM Education

San Jose State University

Multi-dimensional, socio-communicative networks of knowledge production within academia. 

Disciplines in Formal Education

A field of practice in which educators are trained for careers as elementary or secondary music teachers, school, or music conservatory ensemble directors. Music education is also a research area in which scholars do original research on ways of teaching and learning music.

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