Query specification is part of the search process in which the user converts their information need into language that the search system can interpret.

Query Specification

Searching is both directed and active information seeking. It entails intentional attempts to retrieve information or learn about a topic.

San Jose State University

The dispositions for information seeking combine in a matrix to create four modes of information seeking:
- Searching
- Monitoring
- Browsing
- Being Aware

Modes of Information Seeking

Seeking Activities in the Hektor Model

Bates, M. J. (2002). Toward an integrated model of information seeking and searching. New Review of Information Behaviour Research, 3, 1-15, from https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/bates/articles/info_SeekSearch-i-030329.html

Toward an Integrated Model of Information Seeking and Searching

Searching Mode of Information Seeking

Monitoring is directed and passive information seeking. A user who is monitoring has an interest or question in mind, but does not actively search for information. They wait for relevant information to appear.

Monitoring Mode of Information Seeking

Browsing is undirected and active information seeking. A user who is browsing actively exposes themselves to information, but does not have a specific information need in mind. 

Browsing Mode of Information Seeking

Being aware is both undirected and passive information seeking. A user who is simply aware does not have a specific information need in mind, nor do they attempt to retrieve information. They take in informational inputs as they are given to them.

Being Aware Mode of Information Seeking

A more informal and less directed form of information seeking and gathering. This entails sifting through objects to appraise their utility. 


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