2) The Fc receptors trigger a cascade of events that leads to interferon stimulated gene expression, a strong antiviral agent. In order for ADE to occur, viruses have to evolve to surpass ISG. 

Santa Clara University

1) An antibody bound virus has to bind to a receptor responsible for activating Fc, which leads to Fc-receptor mediated endocytosis or pahgocytosis. This allows the virus to enter into mononuclear cells, macrophages and dendritic cells that express the Fc receptor. 

First Requirement for ADE to occur 

de Alwis, R., Chen, S., Gan, E. S., & Ooi, E. E. (2020). Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development. EBioMedicine, 55, 102768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102768

Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development.

Second requirement for ADE to occur 

In vitro observations have demonstrated that antibodies can bind to the spike protein of coronaviruses, leading to FC-receptor mediated entry of coronaviruses (the first requirement for ADE). However, de Alwis et al. state that caution must be used when interpreting in vitro observations because ADE has been associated with a very few diseases. 

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