Self-compassion, secure attachments, and mindfulness of the voices can reduce the levels of distress caused by voices and the severity of the voices. This suggests using a therapeutic approach of developing mindfulness to the voices as well as developing and strengthening self-compassion.

Hofstra University

- Self-compassion
- Secure attachments 
- Self-focused attention

Mindfulness Based Interventions for Hallucinations

Dudley, J., Eames, C., Mulligan, J., & Fisher, N. (2018). Mindfulness of voices, self‐compassion, and secure attachment in relation to the experience of hearing voices. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12153

Mindfulness of voices, self‐compassion, and secure attachment in relation to the experience of hearing voices

Mindfulness is negatively associated with self-focused attention and distress caused by voices. To address this it is imperative to develop therapeutic mindfulness techniques with less self-focus for individuals in distress from hearing voices. 

Mindfulness practices for distress caused by auditory hallucinations/hearing voices 

Self-focused attention has been deﬁned as aware-ness of internally generated information, including bodily sensations, cognitions, and emotional states

Self-focused Attention

Self-compassion entails being warm and understanding toward ourselves when we suffer, fail, or feel inadequate, rather than ignoring our pain or punishing ourselves with self-criticism. Self-compassion also requires taking a balanced approach to our negative emotions so that feelings are neither suppressed nor exaggerated. This equilibrated stance stems from the process of relating personal experiences to those of others who are also suffering, thus putting our own situation into a larger perspective. It also stems from the willingness to observe our negative thoughts and emotions with openness and clarity, so that they are held in mindful awareness rather than overidentifying with them.

Self-Compassion

Self-compassion, secure attachments and auditory hallucinations/hearing voices

After Using the iMPV program participants reported hearing voices had significantly less negative impacts on their mental health, as well as reduced depressive symptoms and voice related disruptions. 

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