There are specific neural circuits in the brain for certain categories. These neural circuits are innately determined based on how they helped survival.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Neurons are connected to a specific set of other neurons (not all neurons are connected with one another). When sets of connections are paired together, they form neural circuits.

Neural circuits

- Sensory-functional (S-F) hypothesis
- Semantic category approach
- Multiple factor approach
- Crowding
- Embodied approach

Hypotheses about knowledge of categories and concepts in the brain

- Crowding
- Multiple factor approach
- Semantic Category approach
- Sensory-functional (S-F) hypothesis

Hypotheses about distinguishing artifacts and living things

Goldstein, E. B. (2014). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience. Nelson Education.


Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience

Spanish physiologist who came up with the neuron doctrine and identified the neurons as individual units. Discovered synapses, neural circuits and receptors

Ramon Y Cajal

Semantic category approach 

Living things are identified using sensory objects and artifacts by functions. This leads to the conclusion that our ability to differentiate artifacts and living things comes from our semantic memory (which has a system for distinguishing sensory attributes and another for functions).

Sensory-functional (S-F) hypothesis

Categories have a distributed representation which take into account many features which determine how concepts are divided up within them.

Multiple factor approach

Many animals share similar features (i.e. legs, eyes, etc). Artifacts on the other hand do not share as many (they are more variable. This has led researchers to the posit that the reason some people have trouble identifying different animal related categories is because they share many features.

Crowding

Our knowledge of concepts comes from the reactivation of neurons when we interact with them again.

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