Bridge, L., Smith, P., & Rimes, K. A. (2019). Sexual orientation differences in the self-esteem of men and women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 6(4), 433–446. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000342

Sexual Orientation Difference in the Self-Esteem of Men  and Women


1. Self esteem and mental health
2. Impact of Minority stress on self esteem
3. self-esteem as Mediator between minority stress and mental health
4. levels of self-esteem in sexual minority and heterosexual individuals

Factors associated with self-esteem

There are mixed findings about levels of self-esteem in sexual minorities compared to heterosexual people. This could be explained by moderators, the factors that  moderate self-esteem and increase levels of minority stress or its impact. Such moderators are:
• gender and Gender Identity
• Sexual minority orientation
• Age
• Sampling Issues

Potential moderators of sexual orientation differences in self-esteem

Studies have shown that self-esteem is lower in sexual minority populations than heterosexual population. There is one main theory for this disparity:
-Minority Stress theory


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overall, males tend to have higher self esteem than females, especially throughout young adulthood, however the difference is not very large. 

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