In his philosophical poem Golshan-e Raz, Mahmud Shabestari explores the paradox of the 'Real Part' (جزو حقیقی) and the 'Virtual Whole' (کل مجازی). He posits that the Real Part, which represents Absolute Being and Divine Unity, is fundamentally greater than the Virtual Whole, which represents the multiplicity of the created universe. According to Shabestari, the 'Whole' of the universe only exists as an accidental, temporary manifestation (عرض) dependent on the underlying, eternal reality of the 'Part'. Thus, true existence belongs solely to the singular Divine Essence, while the vast multiplicity of the cosmos is merely an illusory or contingent reflection of that unity.

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وجود، آن جزو دان کز کل فزون است 
که موجود است کل، وین باژگون است
بود موجود را کثرت برونی 
که از وحدت ندارد جز درونی
وجود کل ز کثرت گشت ظاهر 
که او در وحدت، جزو است ساتر
ندارد کل وجودی در حقیقت 
که او چون عارضی شد بر حقیقت
چو کل از روی ظاهر هست بسیار 
بود از جزو خود کمتر به مقدار
نه آخر واجب آمد جزو هستی 
که هستی کرد او را زیردستی
وجود کل کثیر واحد آید 
کثیر از روی کثرت می نماید
عرض شد هستیی کان اجتماعی است 
عرض سوی عدم بالذات ساعی است
به هر جزوی ز کل کان نیست گردد 
کل اندر دم ز امکان نیست گردد
جهان کل است و در هر طرفةالعین 
عدم گردد و لا یبقیٰ زمانین
دگر باره شود پیدا جهانی 
به هر لحظه زمین و آسمانی
به هر لحظه جهان این کهنه پیر است 
به هر دم اندر او حشر و نشیر است
در آن چیزی دو ساعت می نپاید 
در آن ساعت که می میرد بزاید
ولیکن طامةالکبری نه این است 
که این یوم عمل وان یوم دین است
از آن تا این بسی فرق است زنهار 
به نادانی مکن خود را گرفتار
نظر بگشای در تفصیل و اجمال 
نگر در ساعت و روز و مه و سال

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## English translation
Know existence to be that part which is greater than the whole,
For the 'existing' is the whole, and this is the reverse.
Plurality belongs to the exterior of the existing,
Which has nothing but an interior from unity.
The existence of the whole became manifest from plurality,
For it, in unity, is a veil over the part.
The whole has no real existence,
Since it is like an accident supervening upon reality.
Since the whole, in appearance, is many,
It is less in quantity than its own part.
Is not the part of existence ultimately the Necessary,
Which made existence subordinate to it?
The existence of the whole comes as many and one;
The many appears from the aspect of plurality.
That existence which is composite is an accident,
And an accident by its very essence strives toward non-existence.
With every part of the whole that becomes non-existent,
The whole instantly ceases to exist from the realm of possibility.
The world is the whole, and in every twinkling of an eye,
It becomes non-existent and does not endure for two moments.
Once again a world is made manifest,
At every moment a new earth and heaven.
At every moment this world is a worn-out old elder,
At every breath within it is resurrection and dispersal.
Nothing in it endures for two moments;
In the very hour that it dies, it is born.
But the Great Calamity is not this,
For this is the day of action and that is the day of judgment.
There is a great difference between that and this, beware;
Do not make yourself a prisoner of ignorance.
Open your eyes to the detailed and the general,
Look at the hour, the day, the month, and the year.

بخش ۴۴ - جواب / Section 44 - Answer

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