The infections can be spread through hand to mouth, contaminated foods, and the fecal-oral route.

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The rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria including S. dysenteriae and S. flexneri causes inflections that colonize the GI tract.

Shigellosis Caused by Shigella

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Signs of this infection include ulcerated intestines and mucosa, stomach cramps, fever, watery diarrhea with pus, mucus, or blood, dehydration, and rectal bleeding. Other signs and symptoms include hemorrhaging and lesions in the colon, hemolytic-uremic syndrome of the kidneys, reactive arthritis, and post-infection IBS.

Shigellosis: Signs and Symptoms

After being taken in by phagosomes, Shigella bacteria can escape and live inside or move to other intestinal epithelial cells. Multiplying organisms can possess intesinal epithelium that can become ulcerated. S. dysenteriae type 1 can produce a toxin (Shiga toxin) that binds to a glycosphingolipid and enters endothelial cells of blood vessels in the large intestine. The Shiga toxin then attacks the large ribosomal subunit, affecting protein synthesis leading to conditions such as HUS.

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