- Social well-being is the quality of one's relationships with others and society.
- Personal well-being is the quality of one's own life (satisfaction, regulations, vitality, self esteem, etc. )

San Jose State University

OLS is accepted as a proxy for:
- economic opportunity and hardship
- social/personal well-being

Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS)

Cicognani E. (2014) Social Well-Being. In: Michalos A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2797

Social Well-Being

Musek J., Polic M. (2014) Personal Well-Being. In: Michalos A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2148

Personal Well-Being

OLS will partially mediate the relationship between gender equality and the STEM gender gap. 

Hypothesis: OLS & STEM Gender Gap

OLS scores come from the United Nations Development Programme and measure the overall life satisfaction levels of citizens based on a 0-10 ladder scale (0 represents the worst possible life, 10 represents the best). They are asked to select the rung of the ladder (1-10) that corresponds to where they consider their life quality right now. 

Overall Life Satisfaction Measurement Instrument

- Economic opportunities include wealth/financial building resources. 
- Economic hardship is the lack of such opportunities. 

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