Somers categorized cultures according to whether individual needs or group needs were foremost, using behaviors such as mask-wearing to measure collectivism versus individualism.

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Researchers have proposed various dimensions, individually and in combination, for analyzing organizational culture. Examples include external versus internal, strong versus weak, flexible versus rigid, and many others. Managers should treat neat typologies cautiously because they can understate organizational complexity, and some scholars have criticized attempts to categorize or pigeonhole organizational culture.

Dimensions for Analyzing Organizational Culture

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Somers' Categorization of Cultures by Collectivism vs. Individualism

To accurately classify text into topics that matter to managers and researchers, the Culture 500 researchers built a custom dictionary using machine learning tools and human expertise. After a three-year process, the dictionary contained over 20,000 highly accurate terms mapped to more than 90 topics.

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