Macalester College

- Female students reported higher levels of belonging uncertainty in computer science than their male counterparts
- Male students reported higher self-efficacy in computer science, and were more likely to rate their performance-related potential as above average
- Female students reported higher academic performance in high school than male students
- Social exclusion and gender were higher positively correlated with belonging uncertainty 
- The interaction between students’ perceived affective and academic exclusion by fellow students and gender was a significant predictor of belonging uncertainty
- Academic self-efficacy was a more relevant predictor of belonging uncertainty for female than male students 
- Social comparisons were predictive of belonging uncertainty for both males and females 

Results (Höhne & Zander, 2019)

Höhne, E., & Zander, L. (2019). Sources of male and female students’ belonging uncertainty in the computer sciences. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01

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