This is a plan or program developed to ensure that a child with an identified disability who is attending an elementary or secondary educational institution receives specialized instruction and related services.

Individual Education Plan (IEP)

Special needs education is designed to facilitate the learning of individuals who, for a wide variety of reasons, require additional support and adaptive pedagogical methods in order to participate and meet learning objectives in an educational program.

Special Needs Education

Traditional special education roots itself in pathologization, intervention, and Eugenist philosophies. Students with disabilities are viewed through a deficit lens requiring them to be "fixed." The system demands students adapt to fit existing structures rather than questioning those structures. This approach perpetuates harm and dehumanization.

Special Education's Roots in the Medical Model

A method of education that provides accommodations within a learning program for individual differences, disabilities, and special needs through planned and systematically monitored arrangements of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, and accessible settings.

Ohio State University, Columbus

Grinnell College

Pepperdine University

- early childhood
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary 
- vocational
- special

Levels of Formal Education

Wikipedia

The care and education of children from birth to eight years old that focuses on preparing the child for primary education.

Early Childhood Education

The first stage of formal education that typically begins when a child is between five and eight years old. The purpose of primary education is to establish a solid foundation for learning.

Primary Education

The second stage of formal education that begins when a child is 11 and typically lasts six to seven years. Secondary education builds on the foundation created in primary education and prepares students for tertiary education or entering the workforce.

Secondary Education

The third stage of formal education that occurs after secondary education and results in either undergraduate or graduate credentials depending on the program. Tertiary education is typically the final stage of education in a traditional, Western formal education.

Tertiary Education

A secondary or tertiary education that provides the technical skills needed for a particular job or field of work.

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