In some cases, specific legislation could apply and displace the general
consumer legislation. If ICO participation results in a membership in a company or partnership, company or partnership law could apply, in some cases, in lieu of consumer protection law.

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

- Consumer protection legislation by country for ICOs
- Private international law for ICOs
- Specific legislation exceptions for ICOs

General consumer protection legislation for ICOs

Zetzsche, Dirk Andreas and Buckley, Ross P. and Arner, Douglas W. and Arner, Douglas W. and Föhr, Linus, The ICO Gold Rush: It's a Scam, It's a Bubble, It's a Super Challenge for Regulators (July 24, 2018). University of Luxembourg Law Working Paper No. 11/2017, UNSW Law Research Paper No. 17-83, University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2017/035, European Banking Institute Working Paper Series 18/2018, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 63, No. 2, 2019, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3072298 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3072298

The ICO Gold Rush

- Consumer protection legislation for ICOs in the U.S. 
- Consumer protection legislation for ICOs in Germany
- Consumer protection legislation for ICOs in France
- Consumer protection legislation for ICOs in Australia

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