The ability to respond quickly and accurately when performing relatively simple perceptual, motor or cognitive tasks 

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 - Impairments in these abilities of nonsocial cognition are proved to be core features of schizophrenia.
 - Nonsocial cognitive impairments are independent of positive psychotic symptoms, side effects of antipsychotic medications.
 - The impairments are also relatively stable during the time period of the illness and are detectable in different levels in unaffected biological relatives of the patient.

Nature of nonsocial cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Positioned at the middle level of the CHC hierarchy, broad abilities represent general cognitive functions. Examples of these abilities include fluid reasoning, short-term memory, and processing speed.

Broad Abilities in CHC Theory

Green, M. F., Horan, W. P., &amp; Lee, J. (2019). Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: Current evidence and Future Directions. World Psychiatry, 18(2), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20624 

Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: current evidence and future directions

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Speed of processing

The ability to acquire, store and retrieve verbal information for
more than a few minutes.

Verbal learning and memory

The ability to acquire, store and retrieve information about objects and spatial locations for more than a few minutes 

Visuospatial learning and memory

The ability to hold and manipulate information “online” in a
temporary store.

Working memory

The Ability to respond to targets, and not respond to non-
targets, over a period of  time.

Attention/Vigilance

The ability to apply and shift strategies effectively to find
optimal solutions to problems.


Reasoning and problem solving

The ability to respond quickly and accurately when performing relatively simple perceptual, motor or cognitive tasks.

The ability to acquire, store and retrieve verbal information for more than a few minutes.

The ability to acquire, store and retrieve information about objects and spatial locations for more than a few minutes.

The ability to hold and manipulate information “online” in a temporary store.

The Ability to respond to targets, and not respond to non- targets, over a period of time.

The ability to apply and shift strategies effectively to find optimal solutions to problems.

Read the following scenario. Based on the description, identify two broad cognitive abilities that the student is likely experiencing challenges with, and briefly explain your reasoning for each.

Identifying Cognitive Abilities in a Learning Scenario

Fluid intelligence encompasses the ability to perceive complex relationships and solve problems. It is essential for tackling complex, abstract challenges in daily life, such as navigating an unfamiliar route after being detoured.

Fluid Intelligence

Short-term memory (STM) serves as a temporary storage system that processes incoming information from sensory memory. It is capable of retaining a limited amount of data for a brief duration of 15 to 30 seconds. While in this active state, short-term memory can also integrate new sensory input with existing knowledge retrieved from long-term memory. Although often confused with working memory, short-term memory is more accurately classified as a distinct sub-component within the broader working memory framework.

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