There are 31 pairs of spinal cords which originate from each side of the vertebral column in the human body. These nerves relay information to and fro from the body to the spinal cord. These nerves are grouped into five categories depending on the region of the vertebral column they originate from: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal. There are eight pairs of cervical nerves, twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral nerves, and one pair of coccygeal nerves. The spinal nerve consists of a sensory and a motor nerve which relay sensory, motor and autonomic signals between the body and spinal cord. 

State University of New York at Buffalo

The somatic nervous system is a part of Peripheral Nervous System. It controls the voluntary functions of the body through skeletal muscles. There are two types of nerves in the somatic nervous system: afferent (sensory) nerves and efferent (motor nerves). Afferent nerves relay information from the body to the central nervous system. It primarily relays sensory information like pain. smell, etc. Efferent nerves relay information from the central nervous system to the body. Somatic Nervous System consists of two parts: cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Cranial nerves are responsible for carrying information to and fro from the brain stem. Spinal nerves carry information to and fro from the spinal cord. 

Somatic Nervous System

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There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the human body, these nerves originate from the brain and relay information to and fro from the brain to the body, which include information about the five senses and the head and neck region. These nerves emerge from the CNS, above the level of the first vertebrae of the vertebral column. The twelve pairs of cranial nerves are the olfactory nerves, optic nerves, trigeminal nerves, oculomotor nerves, troclear nerves, abducens nerves, facial nerves, vestibulocochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve.



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