There are different people who are affected by the success or failure of collective intelligence or that can affect the overall subject. In a study about teaching children about the ocean, there are three main types of stakeholders. There are the incumbents, regulators, and challengers. The incumbents are people or groups that have previously been involved in the discussion of the subject. The regulating agencies are the groups that can change policy on the issue. The challengers are people or organizations that have not officially been involved in the subject. 

Rutgers University

There is a widespread lack of knowledge on the ocean and how to keep it healthy. Many barriers have prevented collective intelligence from growing within the field of marine science. For example, the ocean has often been neglected in scheduled lessons, which has resulted in a low collective intelligence in the subject, subsequently leading to some people polluting the ocean and others unsure of how to save it. Other barriers to collective intelligence within the field of marine science are awareness, policies, engagement, the ocean, and the economy. Ultimately, people tend to value things that they can understand and are profitable to them. Harmful acts to the ocean, such as an easy method to dispose of trash, tend to be profitable for companies. In addition, the ocean is extremely complex and people do not have complete knowledge on how to care for it and it can seem intimidating. 

Issues to Collective Intelligence in Marine Science

Fauville, G., McHugh, P., Domegan, C., Mäkitalo, Å., Friis Møller, L., & Papathanassiou, M. et al. (2018). Using collective intelligence to identify barriers to teaching 12–19 year olds about the ocean in Europe. Marine Policy, 91, 85-96. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.01.034

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