- Introductory Statistics through OpenStax
- Introduction to Regression Analysis by Golberg & Cho 

Helpful Statistics books

Statistical software are powerful programs that allow us to analyze and interpret data in a concise and organized manner.

Statistical Software

[StatQuest with Josh Starmer]. (2020, February 21). Statistics Fundamentals [Video File]. Retrieved from [www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLblh5JKOoLUK0FLuzwntyYI10UQFUhsY9](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLblh5JKOoLUK0FLuzwntyYI10UQFUhsY9) 

StatQuest with Josh Starmer

Contingency table is used to summarize the relationship between several categorical variables. If individuals in the population can be classified by two attributes, A and B, A has r levels $A_1, A_2 ... A_r$, and B has c levels $B_1, B_2 ... B_c$. Take a sample of size n from the population. Suppose there are $n_{ij}$ individuals whose attributes belong to rank $A_i$ and $B_j$, $n_{ij}$ is called **frequency**. 

Contingency Table

- Paper Describing Concept of Parametric vs. Nonparametric Tests:
  Ali, Z., & Bhaskar, S. (2016). Basic statistical tools in research and data analysis. 
  Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 60(9), 662. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.190623. 
  Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037948/

- Paper Describing Central Limit Theorem and Its Connection to Normality:
  Kwak, S. G., &amp; Kim, J. H. (2017). Central limit theorem: The cornerstone of 
  modern statistics. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 70(2), 144. 
  doi:10.4097/kjae.2017.70.2.144.
  Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370305/

- Paper Describing Path Analysis: 
  Streiner, D. L. (2005). Finding Our Way: An Introduction to Path Analysis. The 
  Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(2), 115-122. 
  doi:10.1177/070674370505000207
  Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/070674370505000207

- Paper Describing Effectiveness vs. Efficacy: 
  Singal, A. G., Higgins, P. D., & Waljee, A. K. (2014). A primer on effectiveness 
  and efficacy trials. Clinical and translational gastroenterology, 5(1), e45. 
  https://doi.org/10.1038/ctg.2013.13
  Link: https://bit.ly/3jaAi9I

Helpful Statistics Research Papers 

The list of helpful broad references about Statistics is categorized as follows:
- Statistics books
- Statistical Software 
- Statistics online courses
- Statistics research papers

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Statistics is the process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information in order to help people make decisions when faced with uncertainty.

Statistics

The list of helpful broad references about data science is categorized as follows:
1. Data science books
2. Data science online courses
3. Data science research papers
4. Images
5. Data science videos

Data science references

Statistics References

The marriage of Statistics, Computer Science, and Domin knowledge built Data Science.

Data science is interdisciplinary

A few of the common statistical paradoxes are:"

- Monty Hall's paradox 
- Berkson's paradox
- Simpson's paradox

Common statistical paradoxes

Probability is the branch of math concerned with the likelihood of an event occuring, or the likelihood that an event is true. 

Probability Theory

Bayesian statistics is an approach to inferential statistics where a researcher specifies the prior probability that the null hypothesis and alternative hypotheses are true before conducting a study. Once the study is conducted, the probabilities are updated based on the newly collected data. This approach offers a potential alternative to traditional null hypothesis testing by providing a logical framework for quantifying uncertainty using probability distributions.

Bayesian Statistics

Components of Statistical Analysis

Descriptive statistics are a set of quantitative techniques used to summarize, organize, and visually display the data collected from a research sample. Important examples include measures of central tendency (such as the mean, median, and mode), which describe average scores, and measures of dispersion (such as the range, standard deviation, and variance), which indicate how spread apart the scores are.

Descriptive Statistics

The list of helpful books about data science:
1. An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R
2.  The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference and Prediction
3.  Learning From Data
4. The Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book by Andriy Burkov
5. The Deep Learning Revolution


Helpful data science books

The list of helpful books about data science:
1. Data science and prediction

Helpful data science research papers

These online courses can be easy resources to structure data science education. 

Helpful data science online courses

These are videos/video series to accompany concepts from data science and machine learning.

Helpful data science videos

Cite helpful visuals for helping explain data science concepts

Helpful data science images

This node can be used to share links to online articles and websites that are beneficial for learning and are references for other nodes. 

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