The first step in PCR involves raising the temperature of the sample enough to break the hydrogen bonds in DNA to allow access to template strand of DNA for translation but the temperature is not too high to permanently damage the DNA. This is usually about 94 degrees Celsius. 

Grand Valley State University

There are three broad steps of PCR
- Denaturation 
- Annealing
- Extension 

These steps are repeated as many times as desired to keep synthesizing the DNA fragment desired. 

Steps of PCR

Garibyan, L., & Avashia, N. (2013). Polymerase chain reaction. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 133(3), 1–4. 

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Step One: Denaturation

This step involves the annealing of the primers to the DNA to allow for translation from the DNA polymerase in the last step. This is a lower temperature around 50 degrees Celsius. 

Step Two: Annealing

During the extension step of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the temperature is raised to approximately 74 degrees Celsius. This specific temperature allows the DNA polymerase enzyme to activate and synthesize a new DNA strand in the solution.

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