There are two types of Adderall:
- Immediate release (IR Adderall tends to work 20-30 minutes after ingestion and peaks in function after 1-2 hours. It is generally taken 3-4 times a day.)
- Extensive release (XR Adderall ends to work one hour after ingestion and it is usually only taken once or twice a day.)

Types of Adderall

FDA. (n.d.). FDA announces shortage of adderall. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-announces-shortage-adderall 
Peterson, J. (2021, August 21). What do -sr and -er stand for? sustained vs. extended release. GoodRx. https://www.goodrx.com/drugs/medication-basics/meaning-medication-suffixes-er-sr
Swanson J. M. (2005). Long-acting stimulants: development and dosing. The Canadian child and adolescent psychiatry review = La revue canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, 14(Supplement 1), 4–9.

Adderall Reference Node

In October 2022, the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) revealed that there has been a shortage of immediate-release (IR) amphetamine mixed salts, also known as Adderall.  

Teva, a company that manufactures amphetamine mixed salts, stated that they are experiencing a manufacturing delay.  Other manufacturers are still producing Adderall, but it is not enough to meet the demand.

Adderall Shortage (2022-Present)

Adderall, also known as mixed amphetamine salts, works by stimulating the central nervous system (CNS) and increasing the amount of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synaptic cleft (a small gap where neurons can communicate with one another).

Stimulant medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine with dextroamphetamine (Adderall) are a common treatment for ADHD. These drugs function by elevating dopamine activity in the brain, which helps improve concentration. They are effective for 70-80% of individuals with ADHD, especially those with moderate to severe cases. However, they can have side effects like headaches, sleep loss, and irritability, and there are concerns about potential for addiction, heart issues, and psychiatric problems.

Stimulant Medication in ADHD

Durban, K. (2021, April 15). Adderall: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety Info. Drugs.com. https://www.drugs.com/adderall.html. 

Adderall Drugs.com

Amphetamine and methylphenidates are common compounds in stimulants. These compounds also happen to be addictive. There is a growing problem with addiction forming to these drugs, as well as abuse of their usage. Some people use stimulants to help them concentrate or lose weight. There is no evidence to support this actually works. If not treating for ADHD, abuse of these drugs can have far worse consequences. Side effects include raised blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature, and in high doses, stroke. Repeated abuse can result in negative personality changes, including irritability and paranoia. 

ADHD Stimulant Drug Abuse

Examples of Stimulant Medication for ADHD

In addition to being a potential symptom of ADHD, sleeping problems/disorders are a common side effect of ADHD medication, particularly stimulants. This lack of sleep can significantly impact an individual, especially those with ADHD, as it can significantly increase symptoms of ADHD. This is most commonly seen in children. 

ADHD Medication Impact on Sleep 

Stimulant Medication in ADHD: Adderall

Based on the scenario provided, evaluate the use of stimulant medication as a first-line treatment option for the child. Justify your recommendation by weighing the potential benefits against the known risks and side effects mentioned by the parents.

ADHD Treatment Recommendation

Based on the case study below, evaluate the physician's proposed treatment plan. In your evaluation, weigh the likely benefits for the child's symptoms against the potential risks mentioned, and justify your conclusion.

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