*Streptococcus pyogenes* (also known as Group A strep) is a species of $$\beta$$-hemolytic bacteria associated with a variety of human diseases. Its strains can be distinguished based on variations in cell-surface M proteins, and they are responsible for infections such as streptococcal pharyngitis, impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and necrotizing fasciitis.

*Streptococcus pyogenes*

The term streptococcus (plural: streptococci) refers to a cellular arrangement where spherical cells, or cocci, are connected together to form a long chain.

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- Coccus
- Diplococcus
- Tetrad
- Streptococcus
- Staphylococcus 

Common Arrangements of Cocci

Lactobacillales is a low G+C gram positive bacteria that have bacilli and cocci bacteria: 
- *Lactobacillus*
- *Leuconostoc*
- *Enterococcus*
- *Streptococcus*

Lactobacillales 

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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The term coccus (plural: cocci) is used to describe prokaryotic cells that possess a round, spherical shape.

Coccus

The term diplococcus (plural: diplococci) refers to a cellular arrangement consisting of a pair of cocci, where two spherical cells are attached together.

Diplococcus

The term tetrad (plural: tetrads) describes a cellular arrangement consisting of a grouping of four cocci, or spherical cells, arranged in a square.

Tetrad

Streptococcus

The term staphylococcus (plural: staphylococci) describes a cellular arrangement in which spherical cells, or cocci, are connected together into a bundle or cluster.

Staphylococcus

The genus *Lactobacillus* has many fermenting bacteria that ferment sugars to lactic acid. 

*Lactobacillus*

*Leuconostoc* is a genus of fermenting bacteria that are important in industry to make fermented foods like kefir and sauerkraut.

*Leuconostoc*

The *Enterococcus* bacterial genus contains aerotolerant anaerobes. They are prevalent in the human microbiota and can cause urinary tract infections. 

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