- positive relationship between treatment and discernment
- in treatment condition, sharing intentions for true headlines were significantly higher than false headlines, while in the control, there was no difference
- sharing discernment 2.8 times higher in treatment than in control
- sharing discernment in treatment was not moderated by the Cognitive reflection Test, science knowledge, the Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale, or political preferences

Study 2 Results

- March 13 to March 15, 2020
- 856 participants (mean age = 47 years, age range = 18–86; 385 men, 463 women, and 8 other/prefer not to answer)
- each participant assigned to one of two conditions
- control: same news-sharing task as study 1
- treatment: participants rated accuracy of an unrelated headline before doing the same news-sharing task
- all other measures were also used in this study: Cognitive Reflection Test, a general science-knowledge quiz, the Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale, and political ideology/party alignment
- attention were used as well for this study

University of California, Berkeley

This study looks at how nudging affects users' choices on what to share on social media, looking specifically at COVID-19 misinformation and using accuracy reminders. 

Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on
Social Media: Experimental Evidence for
a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention

Pennycook, G., McPhetres, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, J. G., & Rand, D. G. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: Experimental evidence for a scalable accuracy-nudge intervention. Psychological science, 31(7), 770-780.

- March 12, 2020
- 853 participants (mean age = 46 years, age range = 18–90; 357 men, 482 women, and 14 other/prefer not to answer)
- all participants use Facebook or Twitter
- got 15 true and 15 false news headlines from the Harvard Global Health Institute
- headlines were presented in the form of Facebook posts 
- participants were split into two random groups "accuracy" vs "sharing"
- those in the "accuracy" group were asked: “To the best of your knowledge, is the
claim in the above headline accurate?” 
- those in the "sharing" group were asked: “Would you consider sharing this story online (for example, through Facebook or Twitter?)”
- before the task, participants were asked questions about the pandemic: how concerned they are about COVID-19 and how often they check news related to COVID-19
- participants were also given a Cognitive Reflection Test, a general science-knowledge quiz, and Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale 
- political ideology and party alignment were also noted
- attention checks were used to ensure participants are actually doing the tasks (asking what the article is about / where it was published)

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