- Subculture- socialization of values, cultures with their own values and traditions but not the dominant culure
- Many cultures co-exist in society but sometimes when subculutres meet each other they come into conflict when their values clash
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Ohio State University, Columbus

- Violence/crime emerges when societies with different values meet one another and  conflict manifests because of the differnce in values
- 2 types of conflict: Primary and Secondary

Culture Conflict Theory

Schmalleger, F. (2014). Criminology (The Justice Series). Criminology (2nd ed.). Pearson. https://archive.org/details/criminology0000schm. 

Criminology (The Justice Series)

Subcultural Theory

- Fundamental issues
- Ex. In the 1800s an immigrant woman dishonors her family by trying to get educated when her parents believe a womens place in the hoem 

Primary Conflict

- Smaller cultures conflict with the primary one
- Ex. Using Drugs v not

Secondary Conflict

- Gresham Sykes and David Matza created the Techniques of neutralization which is that criminals understand their actions are wrong but they rationalize it with the below techniques:
   - Denying Responsibility
   - Denying Injury
   - Denying the Victim
   - Condemning the Condemners
   - Appealing to higher loyalities 

Techniques of Neutralization

- Cloward and Ohlin Theory
- Legitiamte and Illigitamate opporutnities for success

Differential Opportunity

- Created by Albert Cohen
- People reject what they want but cannot achieve
- Achievement set by the "Middle class measuring rod", and do not have the socilaization to meet this status, become frustrated and turn to delinquency

Reaction Formation

- Certain communities value honor above all, in that simply an insult can result in violence as the simplest show of weakness can majorly discredit a person

Culture of Honor

Conflict can happen at any level of social unit:
- Role conflicts
- Competition
- Class conflicts
- Minority conflict and deviation
- Proportion struggle
- International relations


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