- CD147 acts as a receptor for Plasmodium falciparum invasion on red blood cells and as a receptor on host cells for SARS-CoV-2 infection  
- AZM triggers anti-viral responses in epithelial cells by increasing interferon and interferon-stimulated protein levels and decreasing viral replication and viral release 
- AZM decreases expression of metalloproteinases, which are closely related to CD147
- Influenza A virus in cells of Asthma patients and high glucose concentrations have shown to lead to increased CD147 expression, which suggests correlations within asthma, diabetes, and CD147 levels due to clinical complications of COVID-19 


Smith College

Azithromycin (AZM) appears to have no significant effect on COVID-19 outcomes, but its use does not increase the risk of other negative health outcomes in patients.

Azithromycin (AZM) as treatment for COVID-19

Ulrich, H., & Pillat, M. M. (2020). CD147 as a target for COVID-19 treatment: suggested effects of azithromycin and stem cell engagement. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 1-7.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-09976-7

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12015-020-09976-7

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