To better understand peer exclusion, Suzanne Fanger and her colleagues conducted a naturalistic observation of preschool children on a playground. To remain inconspicuous, the observers took notes from a distance and equipped some children with wireless microphones, which the children quickly forgot about. Additionally, the study was conducted at a "laboratory preschool" where the children were already accustomed to having observers present (Fanger, Frankel, & Hazen, 2012).

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To ensure the validity of naturalistic observation, it is crucial for the researcher to remain inconspicuous to avoid influencing the subjects' behavior. An observer should blend into the environment, for instance, by pretending to be engaged in a common activity like adjusting contact lenses, rather than standing out by wearing a lab coat and holding a clipboard.

Techniques for Remaining Inconspicuous in Naturalistic Observation

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Based on the following scenario, critique the psychologist's methodology. Specifically, how might her approach affect the validity of her observations, and why?

Critique of an Observational Study Design

Reality television programs are often mistaken for naturalistic observation, but they fail to meet its core principles. The constant presence of camera crews and on-camera interviews means the principle of inconspicuous observation is violated. This intrusive environment makes it doubtful that the participants' behaviors are natural or realistic, thus compromising the validity of any observations.

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