Read the following scenario. Identify at least two distinct symptoms described that are characteristic of a trauma-related stress disorder and explain how the individual's behavior in the scenario exemplifies each symptom.

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The symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) encompass a range of psychological and physiological reactions. These include re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive, distressing memories and flashbacks. Individuals may also actively avoid stimuli associated with the event. Emotionally, they often experience persistent negative states such as fear, anger, guilt, and shame, along with feelings of detachment from others. Behavioral symptoms can include irritability and a tendency toward outbursts. A key physiological symptom is an exaggerated startle response, often described as 'jumpiness'.

Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A flashback is a key symptom of PTSD where an individual re-experiences a traumatic event as if it were happening in the present moment. These states can vary in duration, lasting from a few seconds to several days. During a flashback, the person not only relives the memory but may also behave as if they are currently in the traumatic situation.

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