Mania for bipolar disorder is defined as a distinct, abnormal period of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with increasingly goal-directed activity or energy that lasts a period of at least one week for most of the day almost every day

Mania in Bipolar Disorder

A psychological condition that involves intense, long-term mood swings from two different poles: mania and depression. These mood states can last days, weeks, or even months, and are experienced intensely. Average age of onset is 15-25 years old. 

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms (Infographic)

Read the following description of an individual's behavior. Based on this scenario, identify three distinct symptoms being exhibited and briefly explain how the individual's actions demonstrate each symptom.

Symptom Identification in a Scenario

- Periods of mania
- Periods of depression
- Inflated self-esteem
- Decreased need for sleep
- Distractibility
- Quickly cycling through new ideas or activities
- Involvement in activities with high chance of negative outcome (spending sprees, risky sexual behaviors, etc.)

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This list includes different theories or concepts that are used to explain, define, or otherwise provide further insight into the workings of bipolar and related disorders. These include:
- Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
- Difference Between Bipolar I & Bipolar II


Theories and Concepts Relevant to Bipolar and Related Disorders

Freberg, Laura. (2016). Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience: An introduction to biological psychology (4th ed). Cengage

Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Diagnosis of  bipolar disorder II requires having at least one depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode. In contrast to bipolar disorder I and mania, hypomania is instead an elevated mood that is not as chaotic nor strong, which also may not last as long either. Thus, bipolar disorder II can be confused for major depression. In fact, there is some debate as to whether this categorization should exist at all due to its similarities and lack of polar swinging. 

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