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The systematic differences between volunteer research participants and the general population can create issues for external validity. Because volunteers possess unique characteristics—such as higher education levels or a higher IQ—they may respond differently to experimental conditions than the broader public, thereby limiting the generalizability of the findings to the general population.

Volunteer Bias and External Validity

Systematic differences between volunteer research participants and the general population can limit the generalizability of study findings, creating issues for ________ validity.

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