These can be things like laws; institutional policies and practices; national, regional, state, and local economic and political infrastructures; neighborhood and workplace conditions; and community-level cultural ideologies.

Societal-level social structures

The stress response is a complex and coordinated set of physiological reactions that the body activates when needed. These reactions are adaptive, preparing an individual to cope with situations perceived as dangerous or threatening.

Stress Response

Discriminatory institutions, norms, and structures within society such as racism or sexism.  These lead to poor health outcomes.

Grand Valley State University

Although most legislation is not directly related to health, many laws and policies seem to have a notable effect on the health of those they implicate. 

Health consequences of laws that target/protect marginalized populations

Taylor, C. J. (2019).  Health consequences of laws and public policies that target, or protect, marginalized populations. Sociology Compass, 14, 1-13.


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