- When trying to understand if oromotor and speech use the same system of motor planning, researchers have proposed a "task-dependent" model
- This model suggests that speech and oromotor activity have different systems for motor planning, which are controlled by different forms of neural circuitry
- Previous neuroimaging studies have supported this theory by observing differences in the activity at the level of the cerebellum and motor cortex when speech vs. tongue movements were produces
- This opposes the integrative model

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- When investigating how motor planning may be shared (or different) between speech and oromotor activities, two models have been proposed: the task-dependent model and the integrative model 
- Both models are supported by existing research, signifying that elements of both models may be true (although further research must be done to support this claim)

Different Models for Motor Planning in Speech vs. Oromotor Activity

Lancheros M, Jouen AL, Laganaro M. Neural dynamics of speech and non-speech motor planning. Brain Lang. 2020 Apr;203:104742. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104742. Epub 2020 Jan 24. PMID: 31986473.

Neural dynamics of speech and non-speech motor planning

Task-Dependent Model of Motor Planning

- Proposes that there is one broad motor system that is shared between speech and oromotor activities 
- Previous studies have looked at the differences in voluntary oral movements vs. chewing in primates, and found that the lateral prefrontal cortex used in both types of activities
- After damaging this area, researchers found they could not perform trained tasks, or move their jaw as well during chewing 
- It has ben hypothesized that this is because they utilize an "overlapping neural tissue"/ circuit system for both of these skills, supporting the integrative model 
- This opposes the task-dependent model 

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