With both the events and the temporal expressions in a text having been detected, the next logical task is to use this information to fit the events into a complete timeline. Such a timeline would be useful for applications such as question answering and summarization.

The temporal relation between events is classified into one of the standard set of Allen relations depicted in the figure below. This task is done through training on the TimeBank corpus with features like words/embeddings, parse paths, tense and aspect.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Event extraction is the task of identifying mentions of events in texts. In this case, an event mention is any expression denoting an event or state that can be assigned to a particular point, or interval, in time. 

Event extraction is generally modeled via supervised learning, detecting events via sequence models with IOB tagging, and assigning event classes and attributes with multi-class classifiers.

Event Extraction

An on-going but a helpful book resource about NLP
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/

Speech and Language Processing (3rd ed. draft) 

Temporal Ordering of Events

Li, Q., Li, J., Sheng, J., Cui, S., Wu, J., Hei, Y., Peng, H., Guo, S., Wang, L., Beheshti, A., & Yu, P. (2021). A Compact Survey on Event Extraction: Approaches and Applications. https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.02126.

A Compact Survey on Event Extraction: Approaches and Applications

Given input text, an event extraction model will first identify an event and then classify that event into a particular schema. From there, the model will identify arguments related to the event and then classify the roles of those arguments

Event extraction can be broken down into four subtasks:

1. Trigger identification
2. Trigger classification
3. Argument identification
4. Argument Role Classification

Overview of Event Extraction

Event extraction models are taken from either a traditional approach or a deep learning approach. Deep learning event extraction models can be broken down into CNN-based, RNN-based, Attention-based, Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) based, and Transformer based models.

Event extraction models

Open domain event extraction is the task of detecting events from text and clustering similar events through extracted event keywords in the absence of a predefined event pattern

Open domain event extraction

Closed domain event extraction task is to find words that belong to a specific pre-defined event schema

Closed domain event extraction

Document-level event extraction aims to extract events across an entire article rather than a single sentence example. Challenges include argument scattering, which is when an event is scattered across several sentences and multi-event documents.

Document-level event extraction

Precision (P), Recall (R), and F1 are used to measure the performance are used evaluate the four subtasks of event extraction

Event extraction evaluation metrics

- Event Factuality Identification
- Event Relation Extraction, which includes Event coreference resolution, Event casual relation extraction, and Event temporal relation extraction
- Script Event Prediction

Learn Before

Related