Coughing and sneezing efficiently produce infectious aerosols, and rhinoviruses are known to persist on environmental surfaces for up to a week. Viral contact with the nasal mucosa or eyes can lead to infection. Rhinoviruses tend to replicate best between 33 °C (91.4 °F) and 35 °C (95 °F), somewhat below normal body temperature (37 °C [98.6 °F]). As a consequence, they tend to infect the cooler tissues of the nasal cavities. Colds are marked by an irritation of the mucosa that leads to an inflammatory response.

Pathogenicity of Viruses That Cause Common Cold

This produces common signs and symptoms such as nasal excess nasal secretions, congestion, sore throat, coughing, and sneezing. The absence of high fever is typically used to differentiate common colds from other viral infections, like influenza. Some colds may progress to cause otitis media, pharyngitis, or laryngitis, and patients may also experience headaches and body aches. The disease, however, is self-limiting and typically resolves within 1–2 weeks.

Signs and Symptoms of The Common Cold

There are no effective antiviral treatments for the common cold and antibacterial drugs should not be prescribed unless secondary bacterial infections have been established. Many of the viruses that cause colds are related, so immunity develops throughout life.

Treatment of The Common Cold 

The common cold is a generic term for a variety of mild viral infections of the respiratory system. More than 200 different viruses are known to cause the common cold. The most common groups of cold viruses include rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses.

Austin Community College

The respiratory tract can be infected by many different viruses, which cause many different diseases. The diseases that can be caused by viruses include:
 - Common Cold
 - Influenza
 - Viral Pneumonia
 - SARS
 - MERS
 - Measles (Rubeola)
 - Rubella (German Measles)
 - Chickenpox and Shingles

The Different Viral Infections of the Respiratory System

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a common viral disease caused by an orthomyxovirus that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract.

Influenza

Viral Pneumonia can be caused by several viruses and can lead to pneumonia in children and the elderly. The most common sources of viral pneumonia are adenoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses.

Viral Pneumonia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are two acute respiratory infections caused by coronaviruses. These are thought to be zoonotic infections.

SARS and MERS

The Measles (Rubeola) is caused by the measles virus (MeV.) This is a major cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Although vaccination efforts have greatly reduced the incidence of measles in much of the world, epidemics are still common in unvaccinated populations in certain countries.

Measles (Rubeola)

Rubella, (German measles) is caused by rubella virus and is a relatively mild viral disease that produces a rash somewhat like that caused by the measles, even though the two diseases are unrelated.

Rubella (German Measles)

Chickenpox, also known as varicella, was once a common viral childhood disease. The causative agent is the varicella-zoster virus, and is a member of the herpesvirus family. This virus causes 2 diseases throughout life:
 - Chickenpox
 - Shingles

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