- Paying attention to sounds 
- Rehearsal of sounds in the mind or aloud

Phonological Loop 

- Phonological Loop 
- Visuospatial Sketchpad 
- Episodic Buffer 

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- Short-term storage and manipulation of environmental stimuli to complete complex cognitive tasks (Baddeley, 2000; Baddeley et al., 2001)
- Hierarchal structure of working memory: phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and the episodic buffer (Schacter, 2009)

Working Memory

Fabio, R. A., Bianco, M., Caprì, T., Marino, F., Ruta, L., Vagni, D., & Pioggia, G. (2020). Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: An analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm. BMC Psychiatry, 20(272). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02677-y



Fabio et al., 2020

The Role of Working Memory in Delayed Discounting

The Hierarchal Structure of Working Memory 

There are many functional neuroimaging converging evidence that working memory might be reflected in the sustained activity in our prefrontal cortex that has been observed in multiple studies during the delay period of a working memory task. However since the PFC has to major connections (cortical-cortical and cortical-subcortical) which may mediate different component processes of the working memory. 

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