Concept

The Metaphor of the Zero and the Numeral in Persian Sufi Theology

The metaphor of the Zero and the Numeral (Sifr and Raqam), as developed by Sana'i in the Hadiqat al-Haqiqah, illustrates the ontological relationship between the Prophet Muhammad and his predecessors. In this framework, Muhammad is the 'Numeral' (the source of value), while other prophets are 'Zeros.' Although zeros appear first chronologically, their purpose is to 'increase' the manifestation and dignity of the Numeral that follows. This concept establishes the theological foundation for the Prophet's pre-eminence as the Seal of the Prophets, a prerequisite for Rumi's subsequent mystical treatment of prophetic unity and succession.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course