 - The most direct experiment to test effects of headings on free recall would be giving the participants free recall tasks on the overall text
- This is because when asking participants to free recall, it would require them to search their memories systematically so that we could examine the effects of headings on organization of information directly

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Headings, by providing the organization of subsections, could connect different topics together to improve comprehension and free recall

Headings can improve readers’ memory of the text

Lorch, R. F. (1989). Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes. Educational psychology review, 1(3), 209-234.

Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes

The most direct experiment to test effect of headings on memory

- Dee-Lucas & DiVesta, 1980; 
- Loman & Mayer, 1983; 
- Lorch & Lorch, 1985, 1995, 1996a, 1996b; 
- Lorch, Lorch, & Inman, 1993; 
- Meyer, Brandt, & Bluth, 1980; 
- Meyer & Rice, 1982

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