The process models approach to information literacy instruction emphasizes the development of comprehensive information-seeking skills as an integral component of the information search process (ISP). Lessons within this model focus on strengthening these underlying cognitive skills alongside practical guidance on using library tools to seek information.

San Jose State University

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Here are four instructional models to assist users/students in their information search process (ISP). Kuhlthau identified three approaches. 

- The Source Approach
- The Pathfinder Approach
- The Process Models Approach
- Sheingold's Inquiry Model 

Modes of Information Literacy Instruction for ISP

Thomas, N. P., Crow, S. R., & Franklin, L. L. (2011).  Information literacy and information skills instruction: applying research to practice in the 21st-century school library. Libraries Unlimited. 

Information Literacy and Information Skills Instruction

The source approach focuses on teaching users how the library organizes information so that users can locate reference books and indexes that will help them find the information they seek. 

The Source Approach Instruction Model in ISP

The pathfinder approach is moving from more general information through more detailed sources as if they are moving through a path of information (prerequisites) to get to the piece of information they seek. 

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