There has been an increase in understanding the connection between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and mental health. As survival rates are improving, there is a focus on the neurobehavioral consequences of the injuries for moderate-to-severe TBI. Mild TBI is a significant cause of death. For military, civilian and athletic contexts, mental health problems have been a important issue after TBI. Mental health is considered to include psychiatric diagnoses: affective, substance use, and cognitive disorders. The article explores affective symptoms, disorders, personality changes, substance misuse, and externalizing psychopathology.