Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy was greater among racial and ethnic minorities. Black participants were less likely to receive a vaccine than white participants. Lower uptake among black participants in the U.S. attributed to hesitancy based on information they have heard/ received, and disparity in access. 

University of Texas at San Antonio

A cohort study was performed with U.S. and U.K. participants two days after the first vaccine was authorized. A survey was released via smartphone to the participants. 

The Study Performed to Evaluate Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake

Nguyen, L. H., Joshi, A. D., Drew, D. A., Merino, J., Ma, W., Lo, C. H., Kwon, S., Wang, K., Graham, M. S., Polidori, L., Menni, C., Sudre, C. H., Anyane-Yeboa, A., Astley, C. M., Warner, E. T., Hu, C. Y., Selvachandran, S., Davies, R., Nash, D., Franks, P. W., … Chan, A. T. (2021). Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2021.02.25.21252402. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.25.21252402

Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake

- Information on participant willingness (yes/no/unsure) to take the vaccine. Those who answered ‘no’ or ‘unsure’ were questioned further.
- Participant Race/ Ethnicity 

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