Malcom, K. (2020, August 7). The Top 5 COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates Explained. https://labblog.uofmhealth.org/rounds/top-5-covid-19-vaccine-candidates-explained. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Adenoviruses are viruses that can cause the common cold. We as humans have them, monkeys have them, as do other animals. For years, people have been using these viruses to deliver DNA, which are instructions for proteins. For the COVID-19 vaccine, researchers swap in a gene from SARS-CoV-2. When the vaccine is given to someone, the modified cold virus makes the SARS-CoV2 protein, which stimulates the immune response. 
Fortunately, the protein does not make you sick. It does its job and leaves.

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