Question: What is the present relationship between academic theory about training and evaluating models on different data distributions and what practitioners can do in real projects?

Sample answer: There is still a substantial gap between the formal theory and everyday practice, so the field has not yet produced a fully settled, routine method for real projects.

Key points:

• There is a substantial gap between theory and practice.
• The area is not yet a fully routine, standardized practice.

Rubric: Full credit given for mentioning the "substantial gap" between theory and practice.