Support Theory for Theory 2:

It has also been theorized that industry and business are motivated only by economic factors. Meaning that businesses and industry build a LULU on cheap land is economically the desired choice. The presence of a LULU may then ultimately result in the decline in property values which makes an area more accessible for low SES and minority populations. This theory is based primarily on the research that is focused on the United States.

Additional Support Theory for Theory 2

Theory 2: A theory proposed to provide a potential explanation for some of the sources of air pollution in communities is that communities with low SES have limited political power and influence. They are likely unable to stop locally undesirably land uses or (LULU). 



Indiana University

A review of global studies provides strong evidence supporting the Hypothesis of Environmental Inequality. Despite regional study variations, research consistently demonstrates that communities with low socioeconomic status (SES) are disproportionately exposed to higher concentrations of air pollutants, which further exacerbates health disparities in these populations.

Global Evidence for the Hypothesis of Environmental Inequality

Hajat, A., Hsia, C., & O'Neill, M. S. (2015). Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: a Global Review. Current environmental health reports, 2(4), 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-015-0069-5


Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: A Global Review


Theory 1: A theory proposed to explain why communities, where high SES groups live that also have higher air pollution concentrations, may not be as exposed to that concentration. High SES individuals usually have access to more resources that can protect them from increased exposure. This can include resources like private transportation, indoor work environments, better-constructed housing with access to climate control, including filtration, for indoor environments.

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